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  2. Bioenergetic systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergetic_systems

    Relative contribution of ATP production of bioenergetic systems during aerobic exercise at maximum intensity (e.g. sprinting) Aerobic and anaerobic systems usually work concurrently. When describing activity, it is not a question of which energy system is working, but which predominates. [1] [8]

  3. Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

    The energy used by human cells in an adult requires the hydrolysis of 100 to 150 mol/L of ATP daily, which means a human will typically use their body weight worth of ATP over the course of the day. [30] Each equivalent of ATP is recycled 1000–1500 times during a single day (150 / 0.1 = 1500), [29] at approximately 9×10 20 molecules/s. [29]

  4. Carbohydrate catabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism

    Lactic acid fermentation is used by human muscle cells as a means of generating ATP during strenuous exercise where oxygen consumption is higher than the supplied oxygen. As this process progresses, the surplus of lactate is brought to the liver , which converts it back to pyruvate.

  5. Carbohydrate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

    During the first phase, it requires the breakdown of two ATP molecules. [1] During the second phase, chemical energy from the intermediates is transferred into ATP and NADH. [2] The breakdown of one molecule of glucose results in two molecules of pyruvate, which can be further oxidized to access more energy in later processes. [1]

  6. Active transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_transport

    There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient. This process is in contrast to passive transport , which allows molecules or ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area ...

  7. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate...

    During heavy or prolonged mild to moderate activity, other enzymes convert two molecules of ADP into one ATP molecule and one AMP molecule, making more ATP available to supply energy. AMP is normally converted into IMP by myoadenylate deaminase—so myoadenylate deaminase deficiency reduces energy that would be available to the cell through the ...

  8. Purine nucleotide cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine_nucleotide_cycle

    During exercise when the ATP reservoir is low (ADP>ATP), the purine nucleotide cycle produces ammonia (NH 3) when it converts AMP into IMP. (With the exception of AMP deaminase deficiency, where ammonia is produced during exercise when adenosine, from AMP, is converted into inosine). During rest (ADP<ATP), ammonia is produced from the ...

  9. Bioenergetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergetics

    Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...