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The tax amortization benefit factor (or TAB factor) is the result of a mathematical function of a corporate tax rate, a discount rate and a tax amortization period: = [(((+)))]
Avoided burden (also known as the 0:100 method or end-of-life method) is an allocation approach used in life-cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impacts of recycled and reused materials, components, products, or buildings. While the approach has been adapted to fit a variety of LCA goals, it generally considers products with ...
"NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response" is a standard maintained by the U.S.-based National Fire Protection Association. First "tentatively adopted as a guide" in 1960, [ 1 ] and revised several times since then, it defines the " Safety Square " or " Fire Diamond " which is used to ...
Note that an envy-free allocation with subsidy remains envy-free if a fixed amount is taken from every agent. Therefore, similar methods can be used to find allocations that are not subsidized: Charging each agent the average payment yields an envy-free allocation that is also budget-balanced. Minimizing the subsidy is equivalent to minimizing ...
Optimization-based methods aim to attain, for each instance, an allocation that is "as fair as possible" for this instance. An allocation is "fair" if = for all agents i; in this case, we say that the "unfairness" of the allocation is 0. If this equality is violated, one can define a measure of "total unfairness", and try to minimize it.
In mathematics and economics, transportation theory or transport theory is a name given to the study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources. The problem was formalized by the French mathematician Gaspard Monge in 1781. [1] In the 1920s A.N. Tolstoi was one of the first to study the transportation problem mathematically.
Fair item allocation is a kind of the fair division problem in which the items to divide are discrete rather than continuous. The items have to be divided among several partners who potentially value them differently, and each item has to be given as a whole to a single person. [1]
Formulary apportionment is not used as a method of attributing profit between (rather than within) national tax jurisdictions. [6] The adoption of formulary apportionment has been advocated at various times since the 1970s. The matter has been hotly debated by OECD member states beginning in the 1970s. [7]