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The law required federal government employees to be selected through competitive exams and basis of merit. [25] It also prevented elected officials and political appointees from firing civil servants, removing civil servants from the influences of political patronage and partisan behavior.
The pay scale was originally created with the purpose of keeping federal salaries in line with equivalent private sector jobs. Although never the intent, the GS pay scale does a good job of ensuring equal pay for equal work by reducing pay gaps between men, women, and minorities, in accordance with another, separate law, the Equal Pay Act of 1963.
At the federal level in the United States, legislation (i.e., "statutes" or "statutory law") consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States and its predecessor, the Continental Congress, that were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.
The law requires the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to define Federal occupations, establish official position titles, and describe the grades of various levels of work. OPM approves and issues position classification standards that must be used by federal agencies to determine the title, series, and grade of positions.
The number of Title 42 appointees increased by 25% from 2006 to 2010. There is a total pay cap of $275,000 for Title 42 appointees; about one-fifth of Title 42 appointments pay higher than $155,500 in 2010, which is equivalent to Level IV of the Executive Schedule and the highest pay allowable to General Schedule employees.
Prior to the 1966 positive law recodification, Title 5 had the heading, "Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees." [3] In 2022, Congress moved the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Inspector General Act of 1978, and the Ethics in Government Act from the Title 5 Appendix to Title 5 itself. [4]
The merit system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job. A common conception of the federal government's merit system principles is that they are designed to ensure fair and open recruitment and competition and employment practices free of political influence or other non-merit factors.
The Senior Executive Service (SES) [1] is a position classification in the United States federal civil service equivalent to general officer or flag officer rank in the U.S. Armed Forces. It was created in 1979 when the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 went into effect under President Jimmy Carter. [2]