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chsh (an abbreviation of "change shell") is a command on Unix-like operating systems that is used to change a login shell.Users can either supply the pathname of the shell that they wish to change to on the command line, or supply no arguments, in which case chsh allows the user to change the shell interactively.
chgrp, the command used to change the group of a file or directory on Unix-like systems; cacls, a command used on Windows NT and its derivatives to modify the access control lists associated with a file or directory; attrib; umask, restricts mode (permissions) at file or directory creation on Unix-like systems; User identifier; Group identifier
The command chown / ˈ tʃ oʊ n /, an abbreviation of change owner, is used on Unix and Unix-like operating systems to change the owner of file system files and directories. Unprivileged (regular) users who wish to change the group membership of a file that they own may use chgrp. The ownership of any file in the system may only be altered by ...
After authentication, and if the configuration file permits the user access, the system invokes the requested command. sudo retains the user's invocation rights through a grace period (typically 5 minutes) per pseudo terminal, allowing the user to execute several successive commands as the requested user without having to provide a password again.
The command su, including the Unix permissions system and the setuid system call, was part of Version 1 Unix.Encrypted passwords appeared in Version 3. [5] The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.
There are many variants of Unix shell: Bourne shell sh. Almquist shell (ash) Debian Almquist shell (dash) Bash (Unix shell) bash; KornShell ksh. Z shell zsh; C shell csh. TENEX C shell tcsh; Ch shell ch; Emacs shell eshell; Friendly interactive shell fish; PowerShell pwsh; rc shell rc, a shell for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Unix; Stand-alone ...
cd . will leave the user in the same directory they are currently in (i.e. the current directory won't change). This can be useful if the user's shell's internal code can't deal with the directory they are in being recreated; running cd . will place their shell in the recreated directory. cd ~username will put the user in the username's home ...
In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation.