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  2. Equilibrium constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant

    The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at ... Water concentration is omitted from expressions defining equilibrium ...

  3. Buffer solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution

    K w is the equilibrium constant for self-ionization of water, equal to 1.0 × 10 −14. Note that in solution H + exists as the hydronium ion H 3 O +, and further aquation of the hydronium ion has negligible effect on the dissociation equilibrium, except at very high acid concentration. Figure 2.

  4. Thermodynamic activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_activity

    The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.

  5. Dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_constant

    The dissociation constant has molar units (M) and corresponds to the ligand concentration [] at which half of the proteins are occupied at equilibrium, [6] i.e., the concentration of ligand at which the concentration of protein with ligand bound [] equals the concentration of protein with no ligand bound []. The smaller the dissociation ...

  6. Determination of equilibrium constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determination_of...

    Equilibrium constants are determined in order to quantify chemical equilibria.When an equilibrium constant K is expressed as a concentration quotient, = [] [] [] [] it is implied that the activity quotient is constant.

  7. Partition coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_coefficient

    where K D is the process equilibrium constant, [A] represents the concentration of solute A being tested, and "org" and "aq" refer to the organic and aqueous phases respectively. The IUPAC further recommends "partition ratio" for cases where transfer activity coefficients can be determined, and "distribution ratio" for the ratio of total ...

  8. Activity coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_coefficient

    It shows the relationship between standard free energy change and equilibrium constant. It also shows that an equilibrium constant is defined as a quotient of activities. In practical terms this is inconvenient. When each activity is replaced by the product of a concentration and an activity coefficient, the equilibrium constant is defined as

  9. Specific ion interaction theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_ion_interaction...

    The role of water in the association equilibrium is ignored as in all but the most concentrated solutions the activity of water is constant. K is defined here as an association constant, the reciprocal of an acid dissociation constant. Each activity term { } can be expressed as the product of a concentration [ ] and an activity coefficient γ ...