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The embryophytes (/ ˈ ɛ m b r i ə ˌ f aɪ t s /) are a clade of plants, also known as Embryophyta (/ ˌ ɛ m b r i ˈ ɒ f ə t ə,-oʊ ˈ f aɪ t ə /) or land plants. They are the most familiar group of photoautotrophs that make up the vegetation on Earth 's dry lands and wetlands .
Bryophytes (/ ˈ b r aɪ. ə ˌ f aɪ t s /) [2] are a group of land plants (embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses (Bryophyta sensu lato). [3] In the strict sense, the division Bryophyta consists of the mosses only.
A seed plant or spermatophyte (lit. ' seed plant '; from Ancient Greek σπέρματος (spérmatos) 'seed' and φυτόν (phytón) 'plant'), also known as a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds.
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular Embryophytes (land plants) constituting the division Anthocerotophyta (/ ˌ æ n θ oʊ ˌ s ɛ r ə ˈ t ɒ f ə t ə,-t ə ˈ f aɪ t ə /).The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte.
In turn, the seed plants together with the monilophyte fern subclasses make up the tracheophytes (vascular plants), part of the class Equisetopsida (embryophytes or land plants), as opposed to the green algae. Among the seed plants, the gymnosperms are a sister group to the subclass Magnoliidae (angiosperms or flowering plants).
Archegoniatae was a higher taxonomic term that indicated those embryophytes having a female sexual organ in the form of an archegonium.The term was first introduced by the Russian botanist Ivan Nikolaevich Gorozhankin (1848–1904) in 1876 to indicate a division including bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms in contrast to the Gynoeciatae (Angiosperms) with a more complex female organ.
They include green algae, which are primarily aquatic, and the land plants (embryophytes, Plantae sensu strictissimo), which emerged within freshwater green algae. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Green algae traditionally excludes the land plants, rendering them a paraphyletic group, however it is cladistically accurate to think of land plants as a special ...
The clade includes all land plants (embryophytes) except for the bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) whose sporophytes are normally unbranched, even if a few exceptional cases occur. [1] While the definition is independent of the presence of vascular tissue , all living polysporangiophytes also have vascular tissue, i.e., are vascular ...