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  2. Drug tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_tolerance

    t. e. Drug tolerance or drug insensitivity is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use. Increasing its dosage may re-amplify the drug's effects; however, this may accelerate tolerance, further reducing the drug's effects. Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily ...

  3. Substance abuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse

    1,106,000 US residents (1968–2020) [ 4 ] A person using an inhalant. Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder. Differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, medical, and criminal justice ...

  4. Substance use disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_use_disorder

    Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite the substantial harm and adverse consequences to one's own self and others, as a result of their use. [7] [8] In perspective, the effects of the wrong use of substances that are capable of causing harm to the user or others, have been extensively described in different studies using a variety of terms such as substance use ...

  5. Reverse tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_tolerance

    tolerance – the diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose. v. t. e. Reverse tolerance or drug sensitization is a pharmacological phenomenon describing subjects' increased reaction (positive or negative) to a drug following its repeated use. [ 4] Not all drugs are subject to reverse tolerance.

  6. Substance dependence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_dependence

    Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...

  7. Addiction psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_psychology

    An issue with this theory is that most addictive drugs cause an individual to build up a tolerance and the effects of the drug will decrease as an individual's tolerance increases. This requires individuals to use a higher dosage of the substance which in many causes can cause adverse side effects. Dopamine is correlated with increased pleasure.

  8. Nicotine dependence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_dependence

    A National Institute on Drug Abuse video entitled Anyone Can Become Addicted to Drugs. [18]Nicotine dependence is defined as a neurobiological adaptation to repeated drug exposure that is manifested by highly controlled or compulsive use, the development of tolerance, experiencing withdrawal symptoms upon cessation including cravings, and an inability to quit despite harmful effects. [6]

  9. Opponent-process theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opponent-process_theory

    Repeated use of the substance will continue to strengthen the opponent process, but the feelings gained through the initial process will remain constant. This dynamic explains tolerance, which is the increase in the amount of drug/substance that is needed to overcome the opponent process that is increasing in strength. This also explains ...

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