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Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects. [ 1][ 2] In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ). [ 2][ 3] The major natural source of ...
Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body. [ 1][ 7][ 2] One nanogram per millilitre ( 1 ng/mL) is equivalent to 2.5 nanomoles per litre ( 2.5 nmol/L ). Severe deficiency: < 12 ng/mL = < 30 nmol/L[ 2 ...
The vitamin D receptor ( VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. [ 5] Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D, 1,25- (OH) 2 vitamin D 3) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor. The VDR heterodimer then enters the nucleus and binds to ...
Cholecalciferol is a form of vitamin D which is naturally synthesized in skin and functions as a pro-hormone, being converted to calcitriol. This is important for maintaining calcium levels and promoting bone health and development. [ 4] As a medication, cholecalciferol may be taken as a dietary supplement to prevent or to treat vitamin D ...
Calcitriol. Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It is a hormone which binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [ 3] As a supplement it is used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. [ 4] This includes vitamin D deficiency due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [ 5]
Vitamin D toxicity. Cholecalciferol (shown above) and ergocalciferol are the two major forms of vitamin D. Specialty. Endocrinology, toxicology. Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
Vitamin D is a secosteroid that plays a vital role in calcium and phosphate absorption. Recent studies show several associations between low levels of vitamin D, or hypovitaminosis D, and neuropsychiatric disorders, [1] including Alzheimer's disease, autism, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. [1] [2]
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