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Nephrology. Renal tubular acidosis ( RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine. [1] In renal physiology, when blood is filtered by the kidney, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for exchange of salts, acid ...
Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [3] [8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe.
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure.
1.2 million (2015) [6] Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [2] [5] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...
Symptoms. Lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, seizures and coma [1] The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ( SIADH ), also known as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis ( SIAD ), [2] is characterized by a physiologically inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior ...
Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare kidney disease which manifests in infants during the first 3 months of life, and is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine ( proteinuria ), low levels of protein in the blood, and swelling. [1] This disease is primarily caused by genetic mutations which result in damage to components of the ...
Fanconi syndrome or Fanconi's syndrome ( English: / fɑːnˈkoʊni /, / fæn -/) is a syndrome of inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules [1] of the kidney. The syndrome can be caused by various underlying congenital or acquired diseases, by toxicity (for example, from toxic heavy metals ), or by adverse drug reactions. [2]
Electrolyte imbalance. Diagram of ion concentrations and charge across a semi-permeable cellular membrane. Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological ...