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Methane and to a lesser extent nitrous oxide are also major forcing contributors to the greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol lists these together with hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), [ 43 ] which are entirely artificial gases, as contributors to radiative forcing.
In the economics study of the public sector, economic and social development is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and objectives. The term has been used frequently in the 20th and 21st centuries, but the concept has ...
Deforestation is a major contributor to climate change. [ 149 ] [ 150 ] [ 151 ] It is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect . Recent calculations suggest that CO 2 emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (excluding peatland emissions) contribute about 12% of total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, with ...
A quick internet search for the causes of climate change will most likely bring you to images of smoke billowing from coal plants. Your search engine’s picture results point to the truth: The ...
The contribution of each gas to the enhanced greenhouse effect is determined by the characteristics of that gas, its abundance, and any indirect effects it may cause. For example, the direct radiative effect of a mass of methane is about 84 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide over a 20-year time frame. [ 42 ]
In particular, one major contributor to oxidative damage is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), which is converted from superoxide that leaks from the mitochondria. Catalase and superoxide dismutase ameliorate the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively, by converting these compounds into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (which ...
Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main greenhouse gas resulting from human activities. It accounts for more than half of warming. Methane (CH 4) emissions have almost the same short-term impact. [ 5] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and fluorinated gases (F-gases) play a lesser role in comparison.
During the 1970s, he was a major figure in the International Network Working Group (INWG) through which he was an early contributor to concepts used in the Transmission Control Program which became part of the Internet protocol suite. [41] [42] [43] He was acknowledged by Cerf and Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking. [1]