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Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole.
Deforestation and climate change. Deforestation in the tropics – given as the annual average between 2010 and 2014 – was responsible for 2.6 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year. That was 6.5% of global CO 2 emissions. Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change, [ 1][ 2] and climate change affects the health of forests. [ 3]
Individual action on climate change is about personal choices that everyone can make to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of their lifestyles. Such personal choices are related to the way people travel, their diet, shopping habits, consumption of goods and services, number of children they have and so on. Individuals can also get active in ...
Main sources of global methane emissions (2008-2017) according to the Global Carbon Project [ 40] Methane emissions come from livestock, manure, rice cultivation, landfills, wastewater, and coal mining, as well as oil and gas extraction. [ 41] Nitrous oxide emissions largely come from the microbial decomposition of fertiliser.
Climate change. Changes in surface air temperature over the past 50 years. [ 1] The Arctic has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than sea surface temperatures. Earth's average surface air temperature has increased almost 1.5 °C (about 2.5 °F) since the Industrial Revolution.
UNFCCC. WMO. UNEP. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations. Its job is to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities. [ 1] The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) set up the IPCC in 1988.
A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%, [ 6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change. [ 7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated.
The nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are commitments that countries make to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions as part of climate change mitigation. These commitments include the necessary policies and measures for achieving the global targets set out in the Paris Agreement.