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Biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen required for microbial metabolism of organic compounds in water. This demand occurs over some variable period of time depending on temperature, nutrient concentrations, and the enzymes available to indigenous microbial populations. The amount of oxygen required to completely oxidize the organic ...
Food loss and waste occurs at all stages of the food supply chain – production, processing, sales, and consumption. [ 13][ 12] Definitions of what constitutes food loss versus food waste or what parts of foods (i.e., inedible parts) exit the food supply chain are considered lost or wasted vary. [ 12]
Biodegradation is the naturally-occurring breakdown of materials by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi or other biological activity. [ 35] Composting is a human-driven process in which biodegradation occurs under a specific set of circumstances. [ 36] The predominant difference between the two is that one process is naturally-occurring ...
A material-dependent unit used in nuclear and particle physics and engineering to measure the thickness of shielding, for example around a nuclear reactor, particle accelerator, or radiation or particle detector. 1 mwe of a material is the thickness of that material that provides the equivalent shielding of one metre (≈39.4 in) of water.
Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil 's physical, chemical, and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste, recycling organic materials, and manure. The resulting mixture is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, nematodes ...
Food preservation. A food scientist is preparing a meal for astronauts in space. Food preservation includes processes that make food more resistant to microorganism growth and slow the oxidation of fats. This slows down the decomposition and rancidification process. Food preservation may also include processes that inhibit visual deterioration ...
The global blue water footprint of food waste is 250 km 3, the amount of water that flows annually through the Volga or three times Lake Geneva. [197] There are several factors that explain how food waste has increased globally in food systems. The main factor is population, because as population increases more food is being made, but most food ...
Contamination control products have been used by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the commercial nuclear industry for decades to minimize contamination on radioactive equipment and surfaces and fix contamination in place. "Contamination control products" is a broad term that includes fixatives, strippable coatings, and decontamination gels.