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Prognosis varies between people, and both the CD4 count and viral load are useful for predicted outcomes. [33] Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [7] After the diagnosis of AIDS, if treatment is not available, survival ranges between 6 and 19 months.
The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage involves few or no symptoms and can ...
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. HIV tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in serum, saliva, or urine. Such tests may detect antibodies, antigens, or RNA .
Visna-maedi virus. The human immunodeficiency viruses ( HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [ 1][ 2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [ 3]
Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS. HIV is commonly transmitted via unprotected sexual activity, blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child. Upon acquisition of the virus, the virus replicates inside and kills T helper cells, which are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. There is an initial period of influenza-like ...
HIV subtype variation and effect on progression rates. The HIV-1 subtype that an individual becomes infected with can be a major factor in the rate of progression from sero-conversion to AIDS. Individuals infected with subtypes C, D and G are 8 times more likely to develop AIDS than individuals infected with subtype A. [31] In Uganda, where ...
As of 2018, about 700,000 people have died of HIV/AIDS in the United States since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and nearly 13,000 people with AIDS in the United States die each year. [ 7] With improved treatments and better prophylaxis against opportunistic infections, death rates have significantly declined. [ 8]
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [ 1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...