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  2. Horizontal integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_integration

    Research. v. t. e. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. A company may do this via internal expansion or through mergers and acquisitions. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of ...

  3. Diversification (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversification_(finance)

    Outline. Business and Economics portal. Money portal. v. t. e. In finance, diversification is the process of allocating capital in a way that reduces the exposure to any one particular asset or risk. A common path towards diversification is to reduce risk or volatility by investing in a variety of assets.

  4. Principle of original horizontality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_original...

    The principle of original horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity. [ 1] It is a relative dating technique. The principle is important to the analysis of folded and tilted strata. It was first proposed by the Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno (1638–1686).

  5. Ikat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikat

    Ikat (literally "to bind" in Indonesian languages) is a dyeing technique from Southeast Asia used to pattern textiles that employs resist dyeing on the yarns prior to dyeing and weaving the fabric. In Southeast Asia, where it is the most widespread, ikat weaving traditions can be divided into two general groups of related traditions.

  6. Vertical integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_integration

    Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers. The differences depend on where the firm is placed in the order of the supply chain. There are three varieties of vertical integration: backward (upstream) vertical integration, forward (downstream) vertical integration, and balanced (both ...

  7. Horizontal inequality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_inequality

    Horizontal inequality. Horizontal inequality is the inequality—economical, social or other—that does not follow from a difference in an inherent quality such as intelligence, attractiveness or skills for people or profitability for corporations. In sociology, this is particularly applicable to forced inequality between different subcultures ...

  8. DFFITS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFFITS

    DFFITS. In statistics, DFFIT and DFFITS ("difference in fit (s)") are diagnostics meant to show how influential a point is in a linear regression, first proposed in 1980. [ 1] DFFIT is the change in the predicted value for a point, obtained when that point is left out of the regression: where and are the prediction for point i with and without ...

  9. Horizontal gene transfer in evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer...

    Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between distant branches on the tree of life. In evolution, it can scramble the information needed to reconstruct the phylogeny of organisms, how they are related to one another. HGT can also help scientists to reconstruct and date the tree of life, as a gene transfer can be used ...