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Instruction cycle. The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and ...
The 1956–61 IBM Stretch project proposed the terms Fetch, Decode, and Execute that have become common. The classic RISC pipeline comprises: Instruction fetch; Instruction decode and register fetch; Execute; Memory access; Register write back; The Atmel AVR and the PIC microcontroller each have a two-stage pipeline.
The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch-execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.
Branch predictor. In computer architecture, a branch predictor[1][2][3][4][5] is a digital circuit that tries to guess which way a branch (e.g., an if–then–else structure) will go before this is known definitively. The purpose of the branch predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline. Branch predictors play a critical role ...
Cycles per instruction. In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor 's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment. [1] It is the multiplicative inverse of instructions per cycle.
The instruction fetch and decode stages send the second instruction one cycle after the first. They flow down the pipeline as shown in this diagram: In a naive pipeline, without hazard consideration, the data hazard progresses as follows: In cycle 3, the SUB instruction calculates the new value for r10.
Trace cache. In computer architecture, a trace cache or execution trace cache is a specialized instruction cache which stores the dynamic stream of instructions known as trace. It helps in increasing the instruction fetch bandwidth and decreasing power consumption (in the case of Intel Pentium 4) by storing traces of instructions that have ...
The pipelined architecture allows multiple instructions to overlap in execution, much like an assembly line. The pipeline includes several different stages which are fundamental in microarchitecture designs. [5] Some of these stages include instruction fetch, instruction decode, execute, and write back.