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The portal vein (PV) (sometimes referred to as the main or hepatic portal vein) is the main vessel in the portal venous system and drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
The most common locations for aneurysms of the portal venous system are 2,3: splenomesenteric venous confluence. main portal vein. intrahepatic portal vein branches at bifurcation sites. The rarest locations are the splenic, mesenteric, and umbilical veins.
The superior mesenteric vein (SMV) accompanies the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and drains the midgut to the portal venous system.
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The inferior vena cava is formed by the confluence of the two common iliac veins at the L5 vertebral level. The IVC has a retroperitoneal course within the abdominal cavity. It runs along the right side of the vertebral column with the aorta lying laterally on the left.
The prevalence of portal vein thrombosis in patients with underlying liver cirrhosis, but without co-incident hepatocellular carcinoma, is between 10-18% with an annual incidence between 4-24% 17,18.
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein, aka a portal cavernoma, is a sequela of portal vein thrombosis and consists of the bypass of the normal single channel portal vein with numerous, tortuous venous collaterals.
In the interest of leaving the patient with a large enough contralateral lobe, portal vein branch embolization of the lobe intended for resection 4-6 weeks before surgery can induce hypertrophy of the contralateral lobe.
Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction is the most common cause of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in children and young adults in developing countries. It may or may not extend into the intrahepatic portal vein.
Portosystemic collateral pathways , also called spontaneous portosystemic shunts or varices, develop spontaneously via dilatation of pre-existing anastomoses between the portal and systemic venous systems.