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Quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon of a group of particles being generated, interacting, or sharing spatial proximity in such a way that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the particles are separated by a large distance.
Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result. The others are experimental, meaning that there is a difficulty in creating an experiment to test a proposed theory or investigate a phenomenon in greater detail.
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science, insofar as the disagreements—and the outcome of Bohr's version of quantum mechanics becoming the prevalent view—form the root of ...
In matters relating to quantum information theory, it is convenient to work with the simplest possible unit of information: the two-state system of the qubit.The qubit functions as the quantum analog of the classic computational part, the bit, as it can have a measurement value of both a 0 and a 1, whereas the classical bit can only be measured as a 0 or a 1.
Bell's theorem. Bell's theorem is a term encompassing a number of closely related results in physics, all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some basic assumptions about the nature of measurement. "Local" here refers to the principle of locality, the idea that a particle can only ...
Problem of time. In theoretical physics, the problem of time is a conceptual conflict between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Quantum mechanics regards the flow of time as universal and absolute, whereas general relativity regards the flow of time as malleable and relative. [1][2] This problem raises the question of what time really ...
According to Asher Peres [6] and David Kaiser, [7] the publication of the 1982 proof of the no-cloning theorem by Wootters and Zurek [2] and by Dieks [3] was prompted by a proposal of Nick Herbert [8] for a superluminal communication device using quantum entanglement, and Giancarlo Ghirardi [9] had proven the theorem 18 months prior to the published proof by Wootters and Zurek in his referee ...
Quantum mechanics. A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein 's concept of local realism. Named for John Stewart Bell, the experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which ...