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Bottom–up and top–down design. Bottom–up and top–down are both strategies of information processing and ordering knowledge, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization. In practice they can be seen as a style of thinking, teaching, or leadership.
Top down design fuels understanding of an image by using prior experiences and knowledge to interpret a stimulus. This process helps us analyze familiar scenes and objects when encountering them. [3] During perception of any kind, people generally use either sensory data (bottom-up design) or prior knowledge of the stimulus (top-down design ...
The trickle-up effect in the fashion field, also known as bubble-up pattern, is an innovative fashion theory first described by Paul Blumberg in the 1970s. This effect describes when new trends are found on the streets, showing how innovation flows from the lower class to upper class. [1] It is in contrast with classical theories of fashion ...
Both-ends-against-the-middle (BEATM) design is a design process that endeavors to combine the best features of top–down design, and bottom–up design into one process. A BEATM design process flow may begin with an emergent technology that suggests solutions that may have value, or it may begin with a top–down view of an important problem ...
Mass-market theory. The mass-market theory, otherwise known as the trickle across, is a social fashion behavioral marketing strategy established by Dwight E. Robinson in 1958 and Charles W. King in 1963. [1] Mass market is defined as, "a market coverage strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and appeal to the ...
HF5415.153 .K53 2004. Website. blueoceanstrategy.com. Blue Ocean Strategy is a book published in 2005 written by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, professors at INSEAD, [1] and the name of the marketing theory detailed on the book. They assert that these strategic moves create a leap in value for the company, its buyers, and its employees while ...
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Contextual design. Contextual design (CD) is a user-centered design process developed by Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt. It incorporates ethnographic methods for gathering data relevant to the product via field studies, rationalizing workflows, and designing human–computer interfaces. In practice, this means that researchers aggregate data ...