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Time series. In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time. Thus it is a sequence of discrete-time data. Examples of time series are heights of ocean tides, counts of sunspots, and the daily ...
Autoregressive moving-average model. In the statistical analysis of time series, autoregressive–moving-average (ARMA) models are a way to describe of a (weakly) stationary stochastic process using autoregression (AR) and a moving average (MA), each with a polynomial. They are a tool for understanding a series and predicting future values.
Fan chart (time series) In time series analysis, a fan chart is a chart that joins a simple line chart for observed past data, by showing ranges for possible values of future data together with a line showing a central estimate or most likely value for the future outcomes. As predictions become increasingly uncertain the further into the future ...
Decomposition of time series. The decomposition of time series is a statistical task that deconstructs a time series into several components, each representing one of the underlying categories of patterns. [1] There are two principal types of decomposition, which are outlined below.
A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [2] It is a basic type of chart common in many fields. It is similar to a scatter plot except that the measurement points are ordered (typically by their x-axis ...
Exponential smoothing. Exponential smoothing or exponential moving average (EMA) is a rule of thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function. Whereas in the simple moving average the past observations are weighted equally, exponential functions are used to assign exponentially decreasing weights over time.
Correlogram. A plot showing 100 random numbers with a "hidden" sine function, and an autocorrelation (correlogram) of the series on the bottom. In the analysis of data, a correlogram is a chart of correlation statistics. For example, in time series analysis, a plot of the sample autocorrelations versus (the time lags) is an autocorrelogram.
Graph made using Microsoft Excel. Many spreadsheet applications permit charts and graphs (e.g., ... In these programs, a time series, or any variable, was an object ...