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Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions, to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.
The regular complex polytope 4 {4} 2, , in has a real representation as a tesseract or 4-4 duoprism in 4-dimensional space. 4 {4} 2 has 16 vertices, and 8 4-edges. Its symmetry is 4 [4] 2, order 32. It also has a lower symmetry construction, , or 4 {}× 4 {}, with symmetry 4 [2] 4, order 16. This is the symmetry if the red and blue 4-edges are ...
The tesseract is one of 6 convex regular 4-polytopes. In mathematics, a regular 4-polytope or regular polychoron is a regular four-dimensional polytope.They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions.
120-cell. Dodecaplex. In geometry, a 4-polytope (sometimes also called a polychoron, [1] polycell, or polyhedroid) is a four-dimensional polytope. [2][3] It is a connected and closed figure, composed of lower-dimensional polytopal elements: vertices, edges, faces (polygons), and cells (polyhedra). Each face is shared by exactly two cells.
Four-dimensionalism. In philosophy, four-dimensionalism (also known as the doctrine of temporal parts) is the ontological position that an object's persistence through time is like its extension through space. Thus, an object that exists in time has temporal parts in the various subregions of the total region of time it occupies, just like an ...
A tesseract is an example of a four-dimensional object. Whereas outside mathematics the use of the term "dimension" is as in: "A tesseract has four dimensions", mathematicians usually express this as: "The tesseract has dimension 4", or: "The dimension of the tesseract is 4" or: 4D.
e. In special relativity, a four-vector (or 4-vector, sometimes Lorentz vector) [1] is an object with four components, which transform in a specific way under Lorentz transformations. Specifically, a four-vector is an element of a four-dimensional vector space considered as a representation space of the standard representation of the Lorentz ...
Minkowski space. Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime. In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/ mɪŋˈkɔːfski, - ˈkɒf -/ [1]) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of ...