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Ketamine. Ketamine (2-CL-2’-oxo-PCM) is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It is also used as a treatment for depression and in pain management. [19] Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist which accounts for most of its psychoactive effects.
Ketamine and nitrous oxide are club drugs. Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) is available as a street drug. Dextromethorphan-based cough syrups (often labeled DXM) are taken by some users in higher than medically recommended levels for their dissociative effects. Historically, chloroform and diethyl ether have been used recreationally.
Ketamine's rise in the dance culture was most rapid in Hong Kong by the end of the 1990s. [32] Ketamine use as a recreational drug has been implicated in deaths globally, with more than 90 deaths in England and Wales in the years of 2005–2013. [37] They include accidental poisonings, drownings, traffic accidents, and suicides. [37]
Norketamine. Norketamine, or N-desmethylketamine, is the major active metabolite of ketamine, which is formed mainly by CYP3A4. [1][2] Similarly to ketamine, norketamine acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, [1][3] but is about 3–5 times less potent as an anesthetic in comparison. [2][4]
t. e. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is the use of prescribed doses of ketamine as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. KAP shows significant potential in treating mental disorders such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and other conditions. [1]
Tusi (drug) Tusi (also written as tussi, tuci, or tucibi) is a recreational drug that contains a mixture of different psychoactive substances, most commonly found in a pink-dyed powder form known as pink cocaine. [1][2][3] Tusi is believed to have originated in Latin America around 2018. [4] Drug-checking studies in Latin America report tusi to ...
Esketamine, sold under the brand names Spravato (for depression) and Ketanest (for anesthesia) among others, [10] [12] is the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine. [5] [13] It is a dissociative hallucinogen drug used as a general anesthetic and as an antidepressant for treatment of depression.
Ketamine, one of the most popular NMDA receptor antagonists. NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N -Methyl- D -aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for humans and animals; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia.