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Ultramafic rock. Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta -igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron ...
Closeup view about 30 cm × 20 cm (12 in × 8 in). Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock composed predominantly of one or more serpentine group minerals formed by near to complete serpentinization of mafic to ultramafic rocks. Its name originated from the similarity of the texture of the rock to that of the skin of a snake. [1]
Serpentine soil. Serpentine soil is an uncommon soil type produced by weathered ultramafic rock such as peridotite and its metamorphic derivatives such as serpentinite. More precisely, serpentine soil contains minerals of the serpentine subgroup, especially antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile or white asbestos, all of which are commonly found ...
Peridotite. Peridotite (US: / ˈpɛrɪdoʊˌtaɪt, pəˈrɪdə -/ PERR-ih-doh-tyte, pə-RID-ə-) is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene. Peridotite is ultramafic, as the rock contains less than 45% silica. It is high in magnesium (Mg 2+), reflecting the high proportions of ...
Serpentinization. Serpentinite partially made of chrysotile, from Slovakia. Serpentinization is a hydration and metamorphic transformation of ferromagnesian minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, in mafic and ultramafic rock to produce serpentinite. [1] Minerals formed by serpentinization include the serpentine group minerals (antigorite ...
Pyroxenite is an ultramafic igneous rock consisting essentially of minerals of the pyroxene group, such as augite, diopside, hypersthene, bronzite or enstatite. Pyroxenites are classified into clinopyroxenites, orthopyroxenites, and the websterites which contain both types of pyroxenes (see diagram below). Closely allied to this group are the ...
Lherzolite – an ultramafic and ultrabasic rock that is composed of olivine and pyroxene – An ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite Monzogranite – Biotite granite rocks that are considered to be the final fractionation product of magma – A silica-undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
Komatiite / koʊˈmɑːtiˌaɪt / is a type of ultramafic mantle -derived volcanic rock defined as having crystallised from a lava of at least 18 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO). [1] It is classified as a 'picritic rock'. Komatiites have low silicon, potassium and aluminium, and high to extremely high magnesium content.
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