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Starting in 1990, by 1999, chromosome 22 became the first human chromosome to be completely sequenced. Computational biology refers to the use of data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships. [1] An intersection of computer science, biology, and big data, the field also ...
For the analysis of computation in natural organisms, see Biological computation. Biological computers use biologically derived molecules — such as DNA and/or proteins — to perform digital or real computations . The development of biocomputers has been made possible by the expanding new science of nanobiotechnology.
Orthoptics is a profession allied to the eye care profession. Orthoptists are the experts in diagnosing and treating defects in eye movements and problems with how the eyes work together, called binocular vision. These can be caused by issues with the muscles around the eyes or defects in the nerves enabling the brain to communicate with the eyes.
Such arrangements have been noticed since the Middle Ages and can be used to make mathematical models of a wide variety of plants. Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of living organisms to investigate the principles that govern ...
The dictionary incorporates the text of other free resources, such as the Jargon File, as well as covering many other computing-related topics. Due to its availability under the GNU Free Documentation License , a copyleft license, it has in turn been incorporated in whole or part into other free content projects, such as Wikipedia .
Complex systems. Systems biology is the computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology -based interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach ( holism instead of the more traditional reductionism) to biological research.
Biological computation. The concept of biological computation proposes that living organisms perform computations, and that as such, abstract ideas of information and computation may be key to understanding biology. [1] [2] As a field, biological computation can include the study of the systems biology computations performed by biota [3] [4] [5 ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...