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The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
Western Caucasus on se-tenant postage stamps of Russia, 2006 The Western Caucasus includes a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site , comprising the extreme western edge of the Caucasus Mountains . UNESCO specialists say that it is the only large mountain area in Europe that has not experienced significant human impact.
Russia's mountain ranges are located principally along its continental dip (the Ural Mountains), along the southwestern border (the Caucasus), along the border with Mongolia (the eastern and western Sayan Mountains and the western extremity of the Altay Mountains), and in eastern Siberia (a complex system of ranges in the northeastern corner of ...
Second highest peak of Russia Koshtan-Tau [3] Коштантау 5152 m 16,903 ft: 812 m 2,664 ft: 6.55 km 4.07 mi Bokovoy Range Greater Caucasus Kabardino-Balkaria: Third highest peak of Russia Pik Pushkina [4] Пик Пушкина 5100 m 16,732 ft
Map of governorates of the Russian Republic (Western part), 1917.. This is a list of governorates of the Russian Empire (Russian: губерния, pre-1918: губернія, romanized: guberniya) established between the administrative reform of 1708 and the establishment of the Kholm Governorate in 1912 (inclusive).
Overall, the population of Russia displays strong genetic heterogenity. [11] [2] [12] Ethnic Russians primarily descended from the early Slavic peoples, which diverged from other Indo-Europeans, and early absorbed Uralic-speaking groups as well as Eurasian Steppe groups.
Map of Russia and its borders with other nations Typical border marker of Russia. Russia, the largest country in the world by area, has international land borders with fourteen sovereign states [1] as well as 2 narrow maritime boundaries with the United States and Japan. There are also two breakaway states bordering Russia, namely Abkhazia and ...
The geology of Russia, the world's largest country, which extends over much of northern Eurasia, consists of several stable cratons and sedimentary platforms bounded by orogenic (mountain) belts. European Russia is on the East European craton , at the heart of which is a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks dating back to the Precambrian .