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The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 or 21 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults. Some childhood diseases include:
Chronic diseases in children may have a genetic (hereditary) cause, an environmental (acquired) cause or a combination of both. Early identification and treatment of the disease is key to successful health outcomes. Chronic diseases can affect multiple organ systems and can, therefore, manifest in different ways.
Cancer in adolescents and young adults is cancer which occurs in those between the ages of 15 and 39. [1] This occurs in about 70,000 people a year in the United States—accounting for about 5 percent of cancers. This is about six times the number of cancers diagnosed in children ages 0–14. [1]
Adolescent health, or youth health, is the range of approaches to preventing, detecting or treating young people's health and well-being. [1] The term adolescent and young people are often used interchangeably, as are the terms Adolescent Health [2] and Youth Health. Young people's health is often complex and requires a comprehensive ...
An important gene for adolescent-onset schizophrenia is the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene, a gene that regulates dopamine. [31] Children with schizophrenia have an increase in genetic deletions or duplication mutations [32] and some have a specific mutation called 22q11 deletion syndrome, which accounts for up to 2% of cases. [33] [34]
Leukemia is the most common cancer in children, accounting for 25-30% of all cancers in children and adolescents. [1] [29] [27] It most commonly is diagnosed in children when they are 1–4 years old. The median age of diagnosis is 6 years old. Childhood leukemia is more common in boys than girls.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disorder in which the spine starts abnormally curving sideways between the ages of 10–18 years old. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Generally, AIS occurs during the growth spurt associated with adolescence.
[35] [63] More than 16 out of every 100,000 children and teens in the U.S. were diagnosed with cancer, and nearly 3 of every 100,000 died from the disease. [35] In the United States in 2012, it was estimated that there was an incidence of 12,000 new cases, and 1,300 deaths, from cancer among children 0 to 14 years of age. [ 64 ]