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The nitrate ion with the partial charges shown. The nitrate anion is the conjugate base of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identically bonded oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a formal charge of −1.
For example, oxidation with permanganate ion can be used for quantitative analysis of nitrite (by titration): 5 NO − 2 + 2 MnO − 4 + 6 H + → 5 NO − 3 + 2 Mn 2+ + 3 H 2 O. The product of reduction reactions with nitrite ion are varied, depending on the reducing agent used and its strength.
Ionic radius, r ion, is the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure. Although neither atoms nor ions have sharp boundaries, they are treated as if they were hard spheres with radii such that the sum of ionic radii of the cation and anion gives the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice.
Nitrate is also a common ligand with many modes of coordination. [19] Finally, although orthonitric acid (H 3 NO 4), which would be analogous to orthophosphoric acid, does not exist, the tetrahedral orthonitrate anion NO 3− 4 is known in its sodium and potassium salts: [19]
This is because there is a thermodynamic preference for the nitrate ion to bond covalently with such metals rather than form an ionic structure. Such compounds must be prepared in anhydrous conditions, since the nitrate ion is a much weaker ligand than water, and if water is present the simple nitrate of the hydrated metal ion will form.
A nitrate nitrite, or nitrite nitrate, is a coordination complex or other chemical compound that contains both nitrite (NO − 2) and nitrate (NO − 3) anions. They are mixed-anion compounds, and they are mixed-valence compounds. Some have third anions. Many nitrite nitrate compounds are coordination complexes of cobalt.
Cobalt(III) nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide N 2 O 5 with cobalt(III) fluoride CoF 3. [3] It can be purified by vacuum sublimation at 40 °C. [4] [2] Cobalt(III) nitrate oxidizes water, the initial green solution rapidly turns pink, with formation of cobalt(II) ions and release of oxygen. [1]
Nitrogen trioxide or nitrate radical is an oxide of nitrogen with formula NO 3 , consisting of three oxygen atoms covalently bound to a nitrogen atom. This highly unstable blue compound has not been isolated in pure form, but can be generated and observed as a short-lived component of gas, liquid, or solid systems.