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The same team demonstrated in 2017 the first creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate in space [70] and it is also the subject of two upcoming experiments on the International Space Station. [71] [72] Researchers in the new field of atomtronics use the properties of Bose–Einstein condensates in the emerging quantum technology of matter-wave ...
Bose and Einstein extended the idea to atoms and this led to the prediction of the existence of phenomena which became known as Bose–Einstein condensate, a dense collection of bosons (which are particles with integer spin, named after Bose), which was demonstrated to exist by experiment in 1995.
The best-known examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena are superfluidity and superconductivity; other examples include the quantum Hall effect, Josephson effect and topological order. Since 2000 there has been extensive experimental work on quantum gases, particularly Bose–Einstein condensates.
This is the first quantization approach and historically Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac correlations were derived through this wave function formalism. In high-energy physics , however, one is faced with processes where particles are produced and absorbed and this demands a more general field theoretical approach called second quantization .
The first Bose–Einstein condensate observed in a gas of ultracold rubidium atoms. The blue and white areas represent higher density. The blue and white areas represent higher density. Ultracold atom trapping in optical lattices is an experimental tool commonly used in condensed matter physics, and in atomic, molecular, and optical physics .
The thermodynamics of an ideal Bose gas is best calculated using the grand canonical ensemble.The grand potential for a Bose gas is given by: = = (). where each term in the sum corresponds to a particular single-particle energy level ε i; g i is the number of states with energy ε i; z is the absolute activity (or "fugacity"), which may also be expressed in terms of the chemical ...
Pages in category "Bose–Einstein condensates" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Examples include Cooper pairs, semiconductor excitons, mesons, superfluid helium, Bose–Einstein condensates, atomic bosons, and fermionic condensates. A composite particle containing an even number of fermions is a boson, since it has integer spin. These composite particle states have a symmetric wave function upon exchange of any pair of ...