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The four-α-helix bundle family (InterPro: IPR009079): member cytokines have three-dimensional structures with a bundle of four α-helices. This family, in turn, is divided into three sub-families: the IL-2 subfamily. This is the largest family. It contains several non-immunological cytokines including erythropoietin (EPO) and thrombopoietin ...
Flt3 ligand (FL) is a hematopoietic four helical bundle cytokine. It is structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony stimulating factor 1 . In synergy with other growth factors, Flt3 ligand stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of various blood cell progenitors.
IL-30 is a protein from the IL-6 cytokine family with molecular weight of 28 kilodaltons (thus the name IL27-p28). It is a member of the long-chain, 4-helix bundle family of cytokines, making it structurally similar to IL-6. [5] The human gene for IL-30 is located on chromosome 16p11. [5]
Other examples of four-helix bundles include cytochrome, ferritin, human growth hormone, cytokine, [5] and Lac repressor C-terminal. The four-helix bundle fold has proven an attractive target for de novo protein design, with numerous de novo four-helix bundle proteins having been successfully designed by rational [6] and by combinatorial [7 ...
Interleukin 3 (IL3) is a cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation and function of granulocytes and macrophages. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The protein, which exists in vivo as a monomer, is produced in activated T cells and mast cells, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] and is activated by the cleavage of an N-terminal signal sequence.
IL12 is a heterodimeric cytokine encoded by two separate genes, IL-12A (p35) and IL-12B (p40). The active heterodimer (referred to as 'p70'), and a homodimer of p40 are formed following protein synthesis. IL12A is composed of a bundle of four alpha helices. IL12B has three beta sheet domains.
The anti-parallel bundles that these proteins form have an "up-up-down-down" topology, which is a relevant structure regarding the cytokine binding to their respective receptor complex. [7] The cytokines in the IL-6 family signal through type I cytokine receptors .
IL-2 is a member of a specific family of cytokines, each member of which has a four alpha helix bundle; this cytokine family also includes IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. IL-2 signals through a IL-2 receptor, a complex consisting of three chains, termed alpha , beta and gamma . The gamma chain is common to all family members. [6]
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