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Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus. [1] Neuroimaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) may identify individuals with hippocampal sclerosis. [ 2 ]
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal onset epilepsy among adults. [1] Seizure symptoms and behavior distinguish seizures arising from the mesial temporal lobe from seizures arising from the lateral (neocortical) temporal lobe. [2] Memory and psychiatric comorbidities may occur.
Seizures arise from the mesial temporal structures (e.g., the hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus) and often begin with autonomic (rising sensation from the abdomen to the chest, nausea, vomiting), cognitive (déjà vu, jamais vu), fear or sensory (bad smell or taste) symptoms. There is often gradual impairment in awareness and ...
A common associated brain abnormality is mesial temporal sclerosis. [15] Mesial temporal sclerosis is a specific pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss accompanied by hippocampal gliosis and atrophy. [18] Complex partial seizures occur when excessive and synchronous electrical brain activity causes the impaired awareness and responsiveness. [19]
Identification of common lesions associated with epilepsy like focal cortical dysplasia, mesial temporal sclerosis, microencephalocele, and heterotopia require thorough review of images by trained clinicians as the changes can be very subtle and easily missed if not specifically evaluated for.
Multiple sclerosis is much more common in women than men. These are the biggest multiple sclerosis symptoms in females to know. 15 Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms in Females to Have on Your Radar
Hippocampal sclerosis specific to the mesial temporal lobe, is the most common type of such tissue damage. [ 133 ] [ 134 ] It is not yet clear, however, whether the epilepsy is usually caused by hippocampal abnormalities or whether the hippocampus is damaged by cumulative effects of seizures. [ 135 ]
Nearly 2.3 million people are estimated to be living with multiple sclerosis around the world, but when Montel Williams received his official diagnosis back in 1999, not much was known about the ...
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