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Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
In adults, a fever is generally not present but it is common in infants and young children. [4] The cough is usually mild compared to that accompanying influenza . [ 4 ] While a cough and a fever indicate a higher likelihood of influenza in adults, a great deal of similarity exists between these two conditions. [ 24 ]
Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with body temperature exceeding the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus.
Older children and adults should take frequent sips from a cup, with a recommended intake of 200–400 mL of solution after every loose movement. [1] The WHO recommends giving children under two a quarter- to a half-cup of fluid following each loose bowel movement and older children a half- to a full cup.
When diarrhea occurs, hydration should increase to prevent dehydration. The WHO recommends using the oral rehydration solution (ORS) if available, but homemade solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can also be given. The goal is to provide both water and salt: drinks can be mixed with ...
Intracellular fluid refers to water that is contained within the cells. This consists of approximately 40% of the total body water. Fluid inside the cells has high concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and proteins. [21] Extracellular fluid consists of all fluid outside of the cells, and it includes blood and interstitial fluid.
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The majority of fluid output occurs via the urine, approximately 1500 ml/day (approx 1.59 qt/day) in the normal adult resting state. [12] [13] Some fluid is lost through perspiration (part of the body's temperature control mechanism) and as water vapor in exhaled air. These are termed "insensible fluid losses" as they cannot be easily measured.