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Rotarix vaccine for oral administration. Rotarix is a monovalent, human, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine containing one rotavirus strain of G1P[8] specificity.Rotarix is indicated for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by G1 and non-G1 types (G3, G4, and G9) when administered as a 2-dose series in infants and children. [19]
Rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, and astroviruses are known to cause viral gastroenteritis. [26] Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, [25] and produces similar rates in both the developed and developing world. [20] Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13]
Most children admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis are tested for rotavirus. [95] [96] Specific diagnosis of infection with rotavirus is made by finding the virus in the child's stool by enzyme immunoassay. There are several licensed test kits on the market which are sensitive, specific and detect all serotypes of rotavirus. [97]
These centers, led by Jamro Visakorpi, primarily focused on celiac disease, gastroenteritis¸ and food allergies. Other important centers were established in Switzerland, under the leadership of Andrea Prader making Zürich one of the first main centers for pediatric gastroenterology. In that same center, David Shmerling started studying gluten ...
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. [1] [6] Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain.
Under two-year olds are particularly susceptible to adenovirus gastroenteritis by types 40 and 41, with type 41 being more common than type 40. [12] Some large studies have revealed type 40/41 adenovirus as one of the second most common causes of diarrhea in children in low and middle income countries; the most common being rotavirus. [12]
Antibiotics will not be effective if the cause of gastroenteritis is a viral infection. Doctors usually do not recommend antidiarrheal medications (e.g., Loperamide) for gastroenteritis because they tend to prolong infection, especially in children. [2] Parasitic infections are difficult to treat. A number of drugs are available once the ...
Acute diarrhea is most commonly due to viral gastroenteritis with rotavirus, which accounts for 40% of cases in children under five. [1] In travelers, however, bacterial infections predominate. [27] Various toxins such as mushroom poisoning and drugs can also cause acute diarrhea.