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In his book titled Gestalt Psychology, Köhler criticized the concepts of introspection, a sub-discipline in psychology that was dominant in Germany throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s. Stemming from the ideas of the structuralist psychologists , introspection was defined as the self-reporting of conscious thoughts and sensations.
He obtained an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from Gorakhpur University.He started his career as lecturer in psychology at Lecturer, Gorakhpur University in 1970. Thereafter he remained Reader at Allahabad University (1979-1983), Professor, Bhopal University (1983-1993), before joining as Professor, Delhi University in 1993, where he served for the rest of his career.
Laboratory research at the University of Calcutta primarily focused on the areas of depth perception, psychophysics, and attention. [3] As a leading proponent of the scientific nature of psychological research, Sen Gupta was instrumental in the inclusion of psychology as a distinct division of the Indian Science Congress in 1923, and was elected president of the division in 1925.
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [1] [2] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social ...
In psychology, human intelligence is commonly assessed by IQ scores that are determined by IQ tests. In general, higher IQ scores are associated with better outcomes in life. [ 11 ] However, while IQ test scores show a high degree of inter-test reliability , and predict certain forms of achievement effectively, their construct validity as a ...
The cognitive sciences began as an intellectual movement in the 1950s, called the cognitive revolution.Cognitive science has a prehistory traceable back to ancient Greek philosophical texts (see Plato's Meno and Aristotle's De Anima); Modern philosophers such as Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Benedict de Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche, Pierre Cabanis, Leibniz and John Locke, rejected ...
Indian psychology refers to an emerging scholarly and scientific subfield of psychology.Psychologists working in this field are retrieving the psychological ideas embedded in indigenous Indian religious and spiritual traditions and philosophies, and expressing these ideas in psychological terms that permit further psychological research and application.
Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.