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A paradoxical reaction (or paradoxical effect) is an effect of a chemical substance, such as a medical drug, that is opposite to what would usually be expected. An example of a paradoxical reaction is pain caused by a pain relief medication .
A nocebo effect is said to occur when a patient's expectations for a treatment cause the treatment to have a worse effect than it otherwise would have. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, when a patient anticipates a side effect of a medication, they can experience that effect even if the "medication" is actually an inert substance. [ 1 ]
Metformin is a prescription medication used to treat high blood sugar in those with type 2 diabetes who are resistant to the effects of insulin. It’s in a class of drugs known as biguanides.
Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control. The introduction of the birth control pill ("the Pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media.
While Viagra typically works for just a few hours, Rhino claims the effects of a single pill can last seven, nine, or even 14 days. Yikes. Rhino pills could illegally contain sildenafil.
Not all drugs are subject to reverse tolerance. This is the opposite of drug tolerance, in which the effect or the subject's reaction decreases following its repeated use. The two notions are not incompatible, and tolerance may sometimes lead to reverse tolerance.
Failure to take pills during the placebo week does not impact the effectiveness of the pill, provided that daily ingestion of active pills is resumed at the end of the week. [ citation needed ] The placebo, or hormone-free, week in the 28-day pill package simulates an average menstrual cycle, though the hormonal events during a pill cycle are ...
The most widely used drugs in the world include caffeine, nicotine and alcohol, [9] which are also considered recreational drugs, since they are used for pleasure rather than medicinal purposes. [10] All drugs can have potential side effects. [11] Abuse of several psychoactive drugs can cause addiction or physical dependence. [12]