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Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture [1]), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lotus).
Aquaculture is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on aquaculture, published by Elsevier. [1] It was established in 1972. [citation needed] The journal Annual Review of Fish Diseases, separately published from 1991 to 1996, was incorporated into Aquaculture following the cessation of its separate publication. [2]
Aquacultural engineering is a multidisciplinary field of engineering and that aims to solve technical problems associated with farming aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates, and algae. [1] Common aquaculture systems requiring optimization and engineering include sea cages, ponds, and recirculating systems. [2]
However, animal husbandry is a larger and more technologically mature area of human agriculture and has developed better solutions to pathogen problems. Intensive aquaculture has to provide adequate water quality (oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, etc.) levels to minimize stress on the fish.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.082, ranking it 24th out of 55 journals in the category "Fisheries". [2] Starting as Fisheries Management in 1970, the journal changed names in 1985 to Aquaculture and Fisheries Management and to Aquaculture Research in 1995.
Mariculture, sometimes called marine farming or marine aquaculture, [1] is a branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other animal products, in seawater. Subsets of it include ( offshore mariculture ), fish farms built on littoral waters ( inshore mariculture ), or in artificial tanks , ponds or raceways ...
In 2008 aquaculture accounted for 46% of total food fish supply, around 115 million tonnes. [2] Although wild caught juveniles are still utilised in the industry, concerns over sustainability of extracting juveniles, and the variable timing and magnitude of natural spawning events, make hatchery production an attractive alternative to support ...
Aquaculture is the most rapidly expanding food industry in the world [7] as a result of declining wild fisheries stocks and profitable business. [2] In 2008, aquaculture provided 45.7% of the fish produced globally for human consumption; increasing at a mean rate of 6.6% a year since 1970. [8]