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The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded in China in 1921. It grew quickly and in 1949 established the People's Republic of China under the rule of Mao Zedong, the chairman of the CCP. As a Marxist–Leninist party, the CCP is theoretically committed to female equality, and has vowed to place women's liberation on their agenda. "Women hold ...
At the beginning of 1922 headquarters of the Communist Women's International was moved from Moscow to Berlin. [4]Clara Zetkin represented the International Women's Secretariat for Communist work among women at the 4th World Congress of the Comintern, held in Moscow in the fall of 1922, delivering her report on Monday, May 27, 1922. [5]
Mao Zedong established a quota for the inclusion of women within Communist Party leadership, although few women have reached the highest positions within the Party. [160]: 62 Rural women had a significant impact on China's land reform movement, with the Communist Party making specific efforts to mobilize them for agrarian revolution. [161]
The Zhenotdel was established by two Russian feminist revolutionaries, Alexandra Kollontai and Inessa Armand, in 1919.It was devoted to improving the conditions of women's lives throughout the Soviet Union, fighting illiteracy, and educating women about the new marriage, education, and working laws put in place by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
In "Socialist Women: European Socialist Feminism in the Nineteenth & early Twentieth Centuries," [12] by Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy, social feminism is defined as "women who saw the root of sexual oppression in the existence of private property and who envisioned a radically transformed society in which man would exploit neither man nor women ...
Communist ideology explicitly rejected some aspects of traditional femininity that it viewed as bourgeois and consumerist, such as helplessness, idleness and self-adornment. In Communist countries, some women resented not having access to cosmetics and fashionable clothes.
Quite the opposite, Engels rejects critics' fears that communism implies a "community of women", a 19th century euphemism which means that several men may have sex with a given group of women. On the contrary, Engels asserts that such an exploitative "community of women" already exists under the existing social order, based in private property ...
The modern definition and usage of the term socialism was settled by the 1860s, becoming predominant over alternative terms such as associationism , mutualism, or co-operative, which had previously been used as synonyms. Meanwhile, the term communism fell out of use during this period. [76]