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  2. Solar-powered desalination unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-powered_desalination...

    Indirect solar desalination systems comprise two sub-systems: a solar collection system and a desalination system. The solar collection system is used, either to collect heat using solar collectors and supply it via a heat exchanger to a thermal desalination process, or to convert electromagnetic solar radiation to electricity using photovoltaic cells to power an electricity-driven ...

  3. Desalination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

    A proposed alternative to desalination in the American Southwest is the commercial importation of bulk water from water-rich areas either by oil tankers converted to water carriers, or pipelines. The idea is politically unpopular in Canada, where governments imposed trade barriers to bulk water exports as a result of a North American Free Trade ...

  4. Desalination by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination_by_country

    Once unthinkable, given Israel's history of drought and lack of available fresh water resources, with desalination Israel can now produce a surplus of fresh water. [56] By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water, about 50% in 2015, and it is expected to supply 70% by 2050. [57]

  5. Low-temperature thermal desalination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-temperature_thermal...

    Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a desalination technique which takes advantage of the fact that water evaporates at lower temperatures at low pressures, even as low as ambient temperature. The system uses vacuum pumps to create a low pressure, low-temperature environment in which water evaporates even at a temperature difference ...

  6. Reverse osmosis plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis_plant

    Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination , wastewater treatment , concentration of contaminants, and the reclamation of dissolved minerals. [ 1 ]

  7. Multiple-effect distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-effect_distillation

    Multiple-effect distillation or multi-effect distillation (MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination.It consists of multiple stages or "effects". In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto th

  8. Capacitive deionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_deionization

    where R is the gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1), T the temperature (K), Φ v,fresh, the flow rate of the fresh water outflow (m 3 /s), C feed the concentration of ions in the feed water (mol/m 3) and C fresh the ion concentration in the fresh water outflow (mol/m 3) of the CDI cell.

  9. IDE Technologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDE_Technologies

    In 2013, it agreed to design the Carlsbad desalination plant in Carlsbad, California. [6] It was expected to be completed by 2016, [ 7 ] however, due to the continuing drought in California, plant completion was advanced to late 2015, and was eventually finished in December, 2015. [ 8 ]

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