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[9] [10] These people were known as the zamindars (intermediaries) [11] and they collected revenue primarily from the Ryots . [12] The zamindari system was more prevalent in the north of India because Mughal influence in the south was less apparent. [11]
The zamindars were integral to Mughal government in Bengal. They were also known as jagirdars. Under Company rule in India, the Cornwallis Code introduced the Permanent Settlement. Zamindars were made responsible for collecting taxes on behalf of the colonial government. The zamindari system became further entrenched under British rule.
The land revenue assessment (the major source of revenue) was fixed permanently with zamindars, or hereditary revenue collectors. These native Indians, provided they paid their land taxes punctually, were treated as landowners, but they were deprived of magisterial and police functions, which were discharged by a newly organized government police.
Thus, zamindars were not the landowners but rather revenue collector agents of the state. [2] Cornwallis believed that they would immediately accept it and so begin investing in improving their land. In 1790, the Court of Directors issued a ten-year (decennial) settlement to the zamindars, which was made permanent in 1793. [citation needed]
The region implemented a feudal system known as the ‘Zamindari system’ and was largely controlled by doras and deshmukhs until Hyderabad's annexation. The landlords or feudal lords held large tracts of land in their fief and were responsible for collecting taxes from the peasants who worked the land, a portion of which would be paid to the ...
The Bhumihar zamindars realised that abolition was going to occur and planned for abolition to be on their terms. [21] However, the Rajput-Kayastha zamindars strongly resisted this. Eventually, the Bihar Abolition of Zamindaris Act was passed in 1949. [21] "The abolition of the zamindari system had a profound impact on the social landscape.
Independent India's most revolutionary land policy was perhaps the abolition of the Zamindari system (feudal landholding practices). Land-reform policy in India had two specific objectives: "The first is to remove such impediments to increase in agricultural production as arise from the agrarian structure inherited from the past.
The Zamindari Association was formed in March 1837 as a political organization for zamindars. [1] [3] The founders of the association were prominent zamindars of Bengal; such as Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay, Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Radhakanta Deb, and Ramkamal Sen.