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The Grand Canyon, Arizona, at the confluence of the Colorado River and Little Colorado River.. A canyon (from Spanish: cañón; archaic British English spelling: cañon), [1] gorge or chasm, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. [2]
A waterfall is generally defined as a point in a river where water flows over a steep drop that is close to or directly vertical. In 2000 Mabin specified that "The horizontal distance between the positions of the lip and plunge pool should be no more than c 25% of the waterfall height."
Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall; Pond – Relatively small body of standing water; Pull-apart basin – Type of basin in geology; Quarry – A place from which a geological material has been excavated from the ground; Rift – Part of a volcano where a set of linear cracks form
The gorge is a popular destination for hiking, biking, sightseeing, fishing, and water sports. The area is known for its high concentration of waterfalls, with over 90 on the Oregon side of the gorge alone. [2] Many are along the Historic Columbia River Highway, including the notable 620-foot-high (190 m) Multnomah Falls.
The architecture of the gorges involves Mesozoic limestone plateaux downstream presenting sub-vertical cliffs. Faults like the Hauterive Fault explain the important water sources in the region of Sainte-Enimie (the Burle source and the Coussac source, the latter joining the Tarn in an impressive waterfall), and the more complex geology in the upstream part of the canyon.
Vratsata gorge, Vrachanski Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. Given that a cliff does not need to be exactly vertical, there can be ambiguity about whether a given slope is a cliff or not and also about how much of a certain slope to count as a cliff. For example, given a truly vertical rock wall above a very steep slope, one could count just the rock ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 January 2025. Waterfalls between United States and Canada This article is about the waterfalls on the Canada–United States border. For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). Niagara Falls Niagara Falls seen from the Canadian side of the river, including three individual falls (from left to ...
Often, waterfalls form at or near the outlet of the upper valley. [7] Hanging valleys also occur in fjord systems underwater. The branches of Sognefjord are much shallower than the main fjord. The mouth of Fjærlandsfjord is about 400 meters (1,300 ft) deep while the main fjord nearby is 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) deep.