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Surface roughness resulting from abrasion wear on a spindle. Abrasion is the process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away. It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using an abrasive.
A finer or softer abrasive will tend to leave much finer scratch marks which may even be invisible to the naked eye (a "grainless finish"); a softer abrasive may not even significantly abrade a certain object. A softer or finer abrasive will take longer to cut, as it tends to cut less deeply than a coarser, harder material.
The principle is that an object made of a harder material will scratch an object made of a softer material. When testing coatings, scratch hardness refers to the force necessary to cut through the film to the substrate. The most common test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. One tool to make this measurement is the sclerometer.
In general, cutting force can be calculated using the formula: CF =L x T x ζmax Cutting force will be in Newton (N) Where, L = Cut length in mm,(perimeter of profile to be cut) Ex: 40 mm square to be cut will have cut length of 160 mm T = Sheet metal thickness in mm, ζmax = Maximum shear strength of sheet metal in MPa
Scratch hardness test or scratch test refers to any of a number of methods of measuring scratch hardness. Resistance to abrasion is less affected by surface variations than indentation methods. Scratch hardness is measured with a sclerometer. [1] Attempting to scratch a surface to test a material is a very old technique. [2]
3. Make Stainless Steel Shine. Many of our readers were interested in maintenance for stainless-steel pans. Stainless steel is designed to resist corrosion and rust, but but burnt-on messes ...
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Crater wear occurs approximately at a height equalling the cutting depth of the material. Crater wear depth (t 0) = cutting depth; Notch wear which happens on both the insert rake and flank face along the depth of cut line causing localised damage to it primarily due to pressure welding of the chips. The chips literally get welded to the insert.