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Elementary particles are classified according to their spin. Fermions have half-integer spin while bosons have integer spin. All the particles of the Standard Model have been experimentally observed, including the Higgs boson in 2012. [2] [3] Many other hypothetical elementary particles, such as the graviton, have been proposed, but not ...
Among the 61 elementary particles embraced by the Standard Model number: electrons and other leptons, quarks, and the fundamental bosons. Subatomic particles such as protons or neutrons, which contain two or more elementary particles, are known as composite particles.
Some extensions such as supersymmetry predict additional elementary particles with spin 3/2, but none have been discovered as of 2023. Due to the laws for spin of composite particles, the baryons (3 quarks) have spin either 1/2 or 3/2 and are therefore fermions; the mesons (2 quarks) have integer spin of either 0 or 1 and are therefore bosons.
Hypothetical elementary particles (44 P) L. Leptons (2 C, 16 P) Q. Quarks (1 C, 22 P) Pages in category "Elementary particles"
Quasiparticle made of two particles coupled by hydrodynamic forces. These classical quasiparticles were observed as the elementary excitations in a 2D colloidal crystal driven by viscous flow. [11] Electron quasiparticle: An electron as affected by the other forces and interactions in the solid: electron Electron hole (hole)
In particle physics, a gauge boson is a bosonic elementary particle that acts as the force carrier for elementary fermions. [1] [2] Elementary particles whose interactions are described by a gauge theory interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles. Photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons are gauge bosons.
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics.
In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1 / 2 ) that does not undergo strong interactions. [1] Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons or muons), including the electron, muon, and tauon, and neutral leptons, better known as neutrinos.
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