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A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −C n H 2n−1. [2] Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH 3 ...
When compounds contain more than one functional group, the order of precedence determines which groups are named with prefix or suffix forms. The table below shows common groups in decreasing order of precedence. The highest-precedence group takes the suffix, with all others taking the prefix form.
In acids, the electron-releasing inductive effect of the alkyl group increases the electron density on oxygen and thus hinders the breaking of the O-H bond, which consequently reduces the ionization. Due to its greater ionization, formic acid ( pK a =3.74 ) is stronger than acetic acid ( pK a =4.76 ).
Alkyl groups are saturated hydrocarbons substituents with the general formula C n H 2n+1 Pages in category "Alkyl groups" The following 7 pages are in this category ...
In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word "alcohol", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Propyl alcohol may be n-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, depending on whether the hydroxyl group is bonded to the end or middle carbon on the straight propane chain. As ...
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). [1] Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.
Glucose can be the substrate in Kiliani–Fischer synthesis that adds a carbon to the aldehyde group and forms sugars with one more carbon than the substrate. The first step is nucleophilic addition of aqueous cyanide to aldehyde group in glucose to generate the cyanohydrin. Then cyanohydrin is hydrolyzed to form aldonic acid lactone upon heating.
Alkyl groups are electron donating groups. The carbon on that is sp 3 hybridized and less electronegative than those that are sp 2 hybridized . They have overlap on the carbon–hydrogen bonds (or carbon–carbon bonds in compounds like tert -butylbenzene) with the ring p orbital.