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An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator , tilt sensor , tilt meter , slope alert , slope gauge , gradient meter , gradiometer , level gauge , level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll ...
Crystallographic image processing (CIP) is traditionally understood as being a set of key steps in the determination of the atomic structure of crystalline matter from high-resolution electron microscopy images obtained in a transmission electron microscope that is run in the parallel illumination mode.
Multi-color images of several types of fluorophores must be composed by combining several single-color images. [1] Most fluorescence microscopes in use are epifluorescence microscopes, where excitation of the fluorophore and detection of the fluorescence are done through the same light path (i.e. through the objective).
In 1914 and 1915, the Forestry Quarterly published a series of articles on the use of the Abney level. [6] [7] [8] These tutorial articles remain useful today, but the primary reference for usage is the 1927 Abney Level Handbook. [3] The Abney level is typically used at the eye height of the surveyor, either hand-held or mounted on a staff at ...
Fluorescence and confocal microscopes operating principle. Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. [1]
The typical DDM data is a time sequence of microscope images (movie) acquired at some height within the sample (typically at its mid-plane). If the image intensity is locally proportional to the concentration of particles or molecules to be studied (possibly convoluted with the microscope point spread function (PSF)), each movie can be analyzed in the Fourier space to obtain information about ...
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). The field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century.Earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century [2] but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 [3] [4] The ...
A simple scale hypsometer allows the height of a building or tree to be measured by sighting across a ruler to the base and top of the object being measured, when the distance from the object to the observer is known.