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Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [1] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance.
In software development, functional testing is a form of software system testing that verifies whether software matches its design. Generally, functional testing is black-box meaning the internal program structure is ignored (unlike for white-box testing). [1] Functional testing can evaluate compliance to functional requirements. [2]
The term "black box" is used because the actual program being executed is not examined. In computing in general, a black box program is one where the user cannot see the inner workings (perhaps because it is a closed source program) or one which has no side effects and the function of which need not be examined, a routine suitable for re-use.
The CTM is a black-box testing method and supports any type of system under test. This includes (but is not limited to) hardware systems , integrated hardware-software systems, plain software systems , including embedded software , user interfaces , operating systems , parsers , and others (or subsystems of mentioned systems).
Random testing is a black-box software testing technique where programs are tested by generating random, independent inputs. Results of the output are compared against software specifications to verify that the test output is pass or fail. [ 1 ]
Orthogonal array testing is a systematic and statistically-driven black-box testing technique employed in the field of software testing. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This method is particularly valuable in scenarios where the number of inputs to a system is substantial enough to make exhaustive testing impractical.
In science studies, the social process of blackboxing is based on the abstract notion of a black box.To cite Bruno Latour, blackboxing is "the way scientific and technical work is made invisible by its own success.
Testing can be through black-, white-or grey-box testing. In white-box testing the tester is concerned with the execution of the statements through the source code. In black-box testing the software is run to check for the defects and is less concerned with how the processing of the input is done. Black-box testers do not have access to the ...