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PhF behaves rather differently from other halobenzene derivatives owing to the pi-donor properties of fluoride. For example, the para position is more activated than benzene toward electrophiles. For this reason, it can be converted to 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene with relatively high efficiency. [3]
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. ... Halobenzene may also refer to any of the monosubstituted halobenzenes: Fluorobenzene;
The +M effect, also known as the positive mesomeric effect, occurs when the substituent is an electron donating group. The group must have one of two things: a lone pair of electrons, or a negative charge. In the +M effect, the pi electrons are transferred from the group towards the conjugate system, increasing the density of the system.
However, another effect that plays a role is the +M effect which adds electron density back into the benzene ring (thus having the opposite effect of the -I effect but by a different mechanism). This is called the mesomeric effect (hence +M) and the result for fluorine is that the +M effect approximately cancels out the -I effect.
Cases of norovirus — the virulent, wildly contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea — are increasing in the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control says, reporting double the amount of ...
By Jody Godoy (Reuters) -Grubhub settled with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul on Tuesday for allegedly misleading customers about order fees, adding ...
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The next day, she said she woke up feeling "very weak" like she couldn't walk. She'd had plans to travel to Las Vegas to film a commercial, and a family member drove her there from her home in L.A ...