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A blood gas test or blood gas analysis tests blood to measure blood gas tension values, it also measures blood pH, and the level and base excess of bicarbonate.The source of the blood is reflected in the name of each test; arterial blood gases come from arteries, venous blood gases come from veins and capillary blood gases come from capillaries. [1]
A low PaO 2 indicates abnormal oxygenation of blood and a person is known as having hypoxemia. (Note that a low PaO 2 is not required for the person to have hypoxia as in cases of Ischemia, a lack of oxygen in tissues or organs as opposed to arterial blood.) At a P a O 2 of less than 60 mm Hg, supplemental oxygen should be administered.
Because A–a gradient is approximated as: (150 − 5/4(PCO 2)) – PaO 2 at sea level and on room air (0.21x(760-47) = 149.7 mmHg for the alveolar oxygen partial pressure, after accounting for the water vapor), the direct mathematical cause of a large value is that the blood has a low PaO 2, a low PaCO 2, or both.
Carbon dioxide can be monitored by taking a blood sample (arterial blood gas), through the breath , and it can be measured continuously through the skin by using a minimally invasive transcutaneous device. The most effective and safest approach for measuring carbon dioxide in newborn infants is not clear. [5]
Hypoxemia (also spelled Hypoxaemia) is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. [1] [2] More specifically, it is oxygen deficiency in arterial blood. [3] Hypoxemia is usually caused by pulmonary disease. Sometimes the concentration of oxygen in the air is decreased leading to hypoxemia.
Pathophysiology sample values; BMP/ELECTROLYTES: Na + = 140 Cl − = 100 BUN = 20 / Glu = 150 \ K + = 4 CO 2 = 22 PCr = 1.0 ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS: HCO 3 − = 24 p a CO 2 = 40 p a O 2 = 95 pH = 7.40 ALVEOLAR GAS: p A CO 2 = 36 p A O 2 = 105 A-a g = 10 OTHER: Ca = 9.5 Mg 2+ = 2.0 PO 4 = 1 CK = 55 BE = −0.36 AG = 16 SERUM OSMOLARITY/RENAL: PMO ...
Additionally an arterial blood gas is useful, for example in the case of methemoglobinemia the PO 2 can be expected to be normal even with a low oxygen saturation. Additional work up includes a complete blood count, blood glucose, blood culture, chest X-ray, and an echocardiography. [29]
Distributive shock is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is one of four categories of shock , a condition where there is not enough oxygen -carrying blood to meet the metabolic needs of the cells ...