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Nonterminal symbols are those symbols that can be replaced. They may also be called simply syntactic variables. A formal grammar includes a start symbol, a designated member of the set of nonterminals from which all the strings in the language may be derived by successive applications of the production rules.
An unrestricted grammar is a formal grammar = (,,,), where . is a finite set of nonterminal symbols,; is a finite set of terminal symbols with and disjoint, [note 1]; is a finite set of production rules of the form , where and are strings of symbols in and is not the empty string, and
A terminal symbol, such as a word or a token, is a stand-alone structure in a language being defined. A nonterminal symbol represents a syntactic category, which defines one or more valid phrasal or sentence structure consisted of an n-element subset. Metasymbols provide syntactic information for denotational purposes in a given metasyntax.
Under the minimalist program, syntactic structures are formed by iterative applications of the syntactic operation Merge, which serves to connect two elements into one. [7] To yield a linguistic expression , lexemes are selected out of the lexicon and make a (non-ordered) set of syntactic objects called a lexical array , and a structure is ...
A context-sensitive grammar is a noncontracting grammar in which all rules are of the form αAβ → αγβ, where A is a nonterminal, and γ is a nonempty string of nonterminal and/or terminal symbols. However, some authors use the term context-sensitive grammar to refer to noncontracting grammars in general. [1]
Apophenia (/ æ p oʊ ˈ f iː n i ə /) is the tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things. [1]The term (German: Apophänie from the Greek verb ἀποφαίνειν (apophaínein)) was coined by psychiatrist Klaus Conrad in his 1958 publication on the beginning stages of schizophrenia.
A thought-terminating cliché (also known as a semantic stop-sign, a thought-stopper, bumper sticker logic, or cliché thinking) is a form of loaded language, often passing as folk wisdom, intended to end an argument and quell cognitive dissonance.
Syntactic Structures is an important work in linguistics by American linguist Noam Chomsky, originally published in 1957.A short monograph of about a hundred pages, it is recognized as one of the most significant and influential linguistic studies of the 20th century.