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After that, Japan calculated its calendar using various Chinese calendar procedures, and from 1685, using Japanese variations of the Chinese procedures. [3] [4] Its sexagenary cycle was often used together with era names, as in the 1729 Ise calendar shown above, which is for "the 14th year of Kyōhō, tsuchi-no-to no tori", i.e., 己酉.
The year 604, when the Japanese officially adopted the Chinese calendar, was the first year of the cycle. [ 13 ] The Korean ( 환갑; 還甲 hwangap ) and Japanese tradition ( 還暦 kanreki ) of celebrating the 60th birthday (literally 'return of calendar') reflects the influence of the sexagenary cycle as a count of years.
The Tenpō calendar (天保暦, Tenpō-reki), officially known as the Tenpō sexagenary unitary calendar (天保壬寅元暦 Tenpō jin'in genreki), was a Japanese lunisolar calendar. [1] It was published in the Tenpō era (1830–1844) it remained in use throughout the late Edo period , from 1844 to 1872.
The Japanese era name (Japanese: 元号, Hepburn: gengō, "era name") or nengō (年号, year name), is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being "gan ( 元 ) ") meaning "origin, basis", followed ...
The era after the enthronement of Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇即位紀元, Jinmu-tennō sokui kigen), colloquially known as the Japanese imperial year (皇紀, kōki) or "national calendar year" is a unique calendar system in Japan. [1] It is based on the legendary foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. [2]
The traditional lunisolar calendars in the Sinosphere (Chinese calendar, Japanese calendar, Korean calendar) observe sexagenary cycles: cycles of sixty years.[citation needed] Thus, living sixty years had special significance as one completed a full cycle.
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Ambiguities as to which calendar is used for the year are usually only resolved by the context in which the date appears, but imperial calendar dates may be prefixed with a single character or letter denoting the era, e.g. 令5/12/31 or R5/12/31. This is a shorthand notation and full dates are often the preferred way of resolving such ambiguities.