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In addition to Helsinki other bilingual towns and municipalities in Finland often have bilingual names for districts, villages, and places in nature, such as lakes and rivers. Some examples are: Finnish Lohjanjärvi / Swedish Lojo sjö (Lake in Uusimaa) Finnish Kymijoki / Swedish Kymmene älv (River in Kymenlaakso)
The following is a list of cities and towns (Finnish: kaupunki, Swedish: stad) in Finland.[a] The basic administrative unit of Finland is municipality.Since 1977, there is no legal difference between towns and municipalities, [1] and a municipality can independently decide to call itself a city or town if it considers that it meets the requirements of an urban settlement. [2]
Regions where Swedish is an official language spoken by the majority of the population (Sweden, Åland Islands, Western and Southern Finland). Regions where Swedish is an official language spoken by a minority of the population (most of Finland).
[1] [2] In Finland, as of December 31, 2013, 89.3% of the population speak Finnish, 5.3% Swedish and 0.04% Sami languages. [3] Both Finnish and Swedish are official languages of Finland. [4] Officially, a municipality is bilingual if the minority language group consists of at least 8% of the population, or at least 3,000 speakers. [1]
Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. Below are listed the known different names for cities that are geographically or historically and culturally in Europe, as well as some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and other languages in parts of Italy and Spain. There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.
Swedish is the main language of 5.2% of the population in 2022 [3] (92.4% in the Åland autonomous province), down from 14% at the beginning of the 20th century. In 2012, 44% of Finnish citizens with another registered primary language than Swedish could hold a conversation in this language. [4]
Light blue: bilingual, majority language Swedish, minority language Finnish Wine: majority language Finnish and one or three Sami languages as minority languages. As of 2021, there are 309 municipalities in Finland, and from 1 January 2025 308, of which (the following numbers not updated) 107 are cities or towns (kaupunki).