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[13] The term "tokamak" was coined in 1957 [14] by Igor Golovin, a student of academician Igor Kurchatov.It originally sounded like "tokamag" ("токамаг") — an acronym of the words «toroidal chamber magnetic» («тороидальная камера магнитная»), but Natan Yavlinsky, the author of the first toroidal system, proposed replacing "-mag" with "-mak" for euphony. [15]
Toroidal machines can be axially symmetric, like the tokamak and the reversed field pinch (RFP), or asymmetric, like the stellarator.The additional degree of freedom gained by giving up toroidal symmetry might ultimately be usable to produce better confinement, but the cost is complexity in the engineering, the theory, and the experimental diagnostics.
Laser beams or laser-produced X-rays rapidly heat the surface of the fusion target, forming a surrounding plasma envelope. Fuel is compressed by the rocket-like blowoff of the hot surface material. During the final part of the capsule implosion, the fuel core reaches 20 times the density of lead and ignites at 100,000,000 ˚C.
ITER also represents the most typical fusion reactor at this point, which is the tokamak; this is a donut-shaped canister where extremely powerful magnets control a swirling plasma that reaches ...
As part of a renewed push for fusion power from around 2018, private sector stellarator projects have emerged and in number compete with, though are much less developed than, tokamak projects, [34] such as Renaissance Fusion [35] and Proxima Fusion, a Munich-based spin-off from the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, which steered the W7-X ...
LIFE, short for Laser Inertial Fusion Energy, was a fusion energy effort run at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory between 2008 and 2013. LIFE aimed to develop the technologies necessary to convert the laser-driven inertial confinement fusion concept being developed in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) into a practical commercial power ...
Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) is a spherical tokamak fusion plant concept proposed by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and funded by the UK government. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The project is a proposed DEMO -class successor device to the ITER tokamak proof-of-concept of a fusion plant, the most advanced tokamak ...
The Joint European Torus (JET) was a magnetically confined plasma physics experiment, located at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire, UK.Based on a tokamak design, the fusion research facility was a joint European project with the main purpose of opening the way to future nuclear fusion grid energy.