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[13] The term "tokamak" was coined in 1957 [14] by Igor Golovin, a student of academician Igor Kurchatov.It originally sounded like "tokamag" ("токамаг") — an acronym of the words «toroidal chamber magnetic» («тороидальная камера магнитная»), but Natan Yavlinsky, the author of the first toroidal system, proposed replacing "-mag" with "-mak" for euphony. [15]
Toroidal machines can be axially symmetric, like the tokamak and the reversed field pinch (RFP), or asymmetric, like the stellarator.The additional degree of freedom gained by giving up toroidal symmetry might ultimately be usable to produce better confinement, but the cost is complexity in the engineering, the theory, and the experimental diagnostics.
JT-60 (short for Japan Torus-60) is a large research tokamak, the flagship of the Japanese National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology's fusion energy directorate. As of 2023 the device is known as JT-60SA and is the largest operational superconducting tokamak in the world, [ 1 ] built and operated jointly by the European Union and ...
As part of a renewed push for fusion power from around 2018, private sector stellarator projects have emerged and in number compete with, though are much less developed than, tokamak projects, [34] such as Renaissance Fusion [35] and Proxima Fusion, a Munich-based spin-off from the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, which steered the W7-X ...
The Joint European Torus (JET) magnetic fusion experiment in 1991. Fusion power is a proposed form of power generation that would generate electricity by using heat from nuclear fusion reactions. In a fusion process, two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while releasing energy. Devices designed to harness this energy are ...
The tokamak became a topic of serious discussion in 1968, when the Soviets published new data showing them to be far better than any other fusion device. This generated significant skepticism among other researchers and it was some time before the PPPL was convinced to convert their Model C stellarator to the tokamak configuration.
SPARC is designed to achieve this with margin in excess of breakeven and may be capable of achieving up to 140 MW of fusion power for 10 second bursts despite its relatively compact size. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] The project is scheduled to start operations in 2026, with the goal of demonstrating net power (Q > 1) in 2027. [ 4 ]
First plasma was obtained on NSTX on Friday, February 12, 1999 at 7:06 p.m. . Magnetic fusion experiments use plasmas composed of one or more hydrogen isotopes.For example, in 1994, PPPL's Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor produced a world-record 10.7 megawatts of fusion power from a plasma composed of equal parts of deuterium and tritium, a fuel mix likely to be used in commercial fusion power ...